Explore the intricate interplay between nature and human history in the Indian subcontinent, drawing insights from Pranay Lal’s Invisible Empire. Shed light on the essential role viruses play in environmental changes showing their impact on history and on present-day challenges. Highlight how climatic events shape societies, from minor temperature changes triggering droughts and famines to significant ecological shifts causing societal collapse, with a focus on the subcontinent’s vulnerability to nature’s forces.